The Great Depression And World War II - 1848 Words

The Roosevelt family is one of the most popular and familiar names in history. The Roosevelts brought America through numerous crises. In particular, Franklin Delano Roosevelt led America through two of the greatest crises in American history: the Great Depression and World War II. Franklin Delano Roosevelt, also known as FDR, is one of the most influential political leaders in the history of the United States of America. He began his political career as a New York Senator in 1910 and made his rise on the political ladder. During his political run, he did things that no one had attempted before. He introduced an unprecedented amount of acts and bills, and he is the only president to serve more than two terms. He was elected President of the United States in 1932 to become the 32nd president in the wake of the Great Depression (Dinunzio 2). Because of his actions during the Great Depression, he is remembered as one of the most significant presidents. FDR came into the presiden tial office during the third year of the Great Depression and helped return the United States to a superior nation, politically and economically. He also was the leader of America during World War II. His decisions during the war changed America as well. Aside from fighting America’s battles, he was also fighting personal demons. During his historical political career, FDR suffered from polio. Polio, although it is almost eradicated today, was a common but extremely aggressive disease thatShow MoreRelatedWorld War II And The Great Depression1658 Words   |  7 Pages The highly numbered risks of war have rigorous effects on societies around the world. World War II had positive and negative effects during and after the war. After the war, the formation of the United Nations helped negotiate and maintain peace, and during the war more jobs helped get the United States out of its biggest economic crisis, the Great Depression. Although, some economists argue that by creatin g more jobs during World War II, put America into even more debt than the country was alreadyRead MoreWorld War II : The Great Depression1543 Words   |  7 PagesDanielle Gentry Gary Damon American History II 10:00 MWF 25 April 2016 World War II Two decades after the first World War happen another world war occurred known as World War II. There were many causes that led up to this war. The Treaty of Versailles ended World War I, but Germany had to accept the responsibility of the war. Therefore, Germany economy went downhill and people were starving because of war debt. The Great Depression had a big effect on a lot of countries; therefore, countries startedRead MoreThe Great Depression And World War II Essay1391 Words   |  6 Pagescatastrophes occurred: the Great Depression and World War II. American political leaders established a cause-effect relationship between economic collapse and total war, based on these two events, which defined their policy approach in the post-war period. In the 1930s, American leadership, and most importantly, President Franklin Delano Roosevelt, came to view economic decline, political radicalization, and instability as forming a vicious cycle that led to utter chaos and war. Although FDR d id not knowRead MoreThe Great Depression And World War II1507 Words   |  7 PagesFaced with the Great Depression and World War II, Franklin D. Roosevelt, nicknamed â€Å"FDR,† guided America through its greatest domestic crisis, with the exception of the Civil War, and its greatest foreign crisis. His presidency—which spanned twelve years—was unparalleled, not only in length but in scope. FDR took office with the country mired in a horrible and debilitating economic depression that not only sapped its material wealth and spiritual strength, but cast a pall over its future. RooseveltRead MoreThe Great Depression And World War II955 Words   |  4 PagesIn America, the period between the Great Depression and World War II was rife with uncertainty. The struggles of the Great Depression were over, but their lasting effects shed doubt on America’s future. Persephone, was an attempt by Thomas Hart Benton in 1939 to cement regionalism as the official America n art style during this era. However, despite his attempt to promote hope in America’s future, while still acknowledging the despair of the Great Depression, Persephone was regarded as obscene. RegionalismRead MoreThe Great Depression And World War II1280 Words   |  6 PagesSisters of Growth Throughout the beginning of time people have used art to express themselves. With each major, and minor, there is an artist that captures the world as it is around him. There are also artists that create fiction to give the world and escape from reality. The medium of art that will be discussed in this essay will be film. Since the invention of Thomas Jefferson kinecto graph and the Lumiere brothers cinemtograph, films have continued to be the most popular entertainment methodsRead MoreThe Great Depression And World War II Essay2038 Words   |  9 PagesShort Answer: 1. World War I, The Great Depression, and World War II brought instability to the United States. As World War II came to an end in 1945 people were looking for stability, which is what the 1950’s resulted in. The 1950’s was a decade of conformity in all aspects of life; politics, economy, and culture. The fear of communism in America held a significant presence during and after World War II. The establishment of The House of Un-American Activities Committees in the late 1940’sRead MoreThe Great Depression And World War II1759 Words   |  8 PagesFranklin Delano Roosevelt was the thirty-second U.S president, and the only president to be elected four times. He led American through the trials of the Great Depression and World War II. He was born on January 30, 1882 in New York. Franklin D. Roosevelt’s curiosity, persistence, and self- confidence served to be extremely helpful traits through his presidency. When he combines all of his super powers together it makes an amazing success story. Sadly Roosevelt’s life was brutally taken by the deadlyRead MoreThe Great Depression and World War II1795 Words   |  7 Pages Great Depression and WWII - NCHP Block 6 Many Americans still think that the Great Depression was caused by the stock market crashing, on October 29, 1929. What is true that most economists think now is that the stock market crash alone could not be fully to blame. There were many factors into creating the nationwide depression. The first being that the â€Å"Roaring 20’s† was the first time North Carolinians and their American counterparts could buy a lot more of the new consumer items, likeRead MoreThe Great Depression And The World War II849 Words   |  4 Pagesthe era of World War II America saw some of its most dramatic cultural shifts since the country’s beginnings. This story of a mother and child expresses the changes that took place in the early half of the 1900’s which made a lasting effect in creating the consumer society we know today. This consumer-centered society that we know was developed by multiple shifts in the American economy and lifestyle. In this essay I will discu ss how each the â€Å"Roaring Twenties,† the â€Å"Great Depression† and the World

The History of African American Discrimination and the...

In no juncture of this nations history has there been an era when any American citizen that was deprived of their essential rights and equal opportunities, has not been plagued with the struggle to be validated as full American citizens. America has long been encompassed by countless conflicts in this struggle to reach the full equality promised to every American. The Civil Rights Movement has always had to grapple with an unsympathetic legislature and impassive executive branch forcing these citizens to turn to the courts. The Supreme Court has been at the center of all these essential battles that impelled the clash for equal rights and opportunities into the forefront. Union political leaders sought to strengthen their victory, immediately following the end of the Civil War, with the 13th, 14th and 15th amendments. The new amendments legally abolished slavery, protected the legal equality of ex-slaves and the voting rights of male ex-slaves and each Confederate Southern state was required to incorporate these requirements into their constitutions. Unfortunately, despite the legality of these written promises almost a century of activism and legal action would be needed to bring about the consistent federal enforcement of these rights in the former states of the Confederacy. Congress also failed to secure any land for blacks, which gave southern whites economic control over blacks. To oversee new laws and lend a hand as blacks procured their civil, educational,Show MoreRelatedThe African American Civil Rights Movement1450 Words   |  6 PagesThe African American civil rights movement was a long journey for African American nationwide. The success involved many people, hardships and time in order to advance the African American community in America. The purpose of the movement was to achieve their rights, cease discrimination, and racial segregation. During the start of the African American civil rights movement, Africans Americans still were faced with Jim Crow laws which segregated them from whites. Under the Jim Crow laws AfricanRead MoreThe African American Civil Right Movement1040 Words   |  5 PagesThe African American Civil right movement in the late 1950’s and throughout the 1960’s was a powerful fight for equal opportunities to the basic rights and privileges outlined by the US government. During this movement thousands of African American individuals and those who believed in the power of the movement, battled against the piercing white supremacy through various tactics including grass root movements. The grass root movements in the 60’s was characterized by organizations of individualsRead MoreThe Civil Right Movement : History1705 Words   |  7 Pages The Civil Right Movement History can be absurd and sometimes can illustrate great accomplishment by great people. Why history is so important and significant to today’s society? It is something that people require to know about the pass and not remaking those same type of mistake again. Hence, history helps the world to understand changes and how the past causes the present to be the way it is in today’s society. Though the United States became a country with a rich foundation and great accomplishmentRead MoreThe Civil Rights Act Of 19641106 Words   |  5 PagesSouth during this time.†(Cassanello). The Civil Rights Act of 1964 was the most influential event in the Civil Rights Movement because it paved way for ending discrimination and segregation, and giving more rights to African- Americans. During the Civil Rights Movement African- Americans were fighting to get their rights that were being taken away from them little by little. Starting in 1955 and going well into the late 1960â⠂¬â„¢s early 1970’s, African- Americans started to protest against discriminatoryRead MoreAmerican Civil Liberties Union: Study Notes1252 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction A. Thesis Statement America was founded on the astute principles of democracy and the potential benefits of freedom it derives. America, unlike many of its foreign counterparts has long recognized the benefits of individual rights, freedoms and privileges and has fought to the death to protect them. Currently, America aims to spread these principles of democracy around the globe in an effort to create a better quality of life for all mankind. Even with these lofty and ambitious goalsRead MoreAfrican Americans During The 20th Century1261 Words   |  6 Pagesthe most influential time frame for African-Americans in the United States would be from 1940-1970. During this time in America, Blacks everywhere were fighting against segregation and discrimination of their race. Consequently, the timeline of events that occurred during this time uncovers the numerous battles that African-American people fought in order to gain their freedom, and their rights as Americans. While these battles seemed everlasting, A frican-Americans were more persistent than ever inRead MoreEssay on The Civil Rights Movement1014 Words   |  5 Pagesoutline the main events of the African-American Civil Rights Movement. Specifically, the focus will be on the main activists involved in the movement such as Martin Luther King Jr and Rosa Parks and the major campaigns of civil resistance. The Civil Rights Movement refers to the movements in the United States aimed at outlawing racial discrimination against African Americans and restoring voting rights in Southern states.African-Americans were able to gain the rights to issues such as equal accessRead MoreThe Civil Rights Movement Essay1190 Words   |  5 Pages The Civil Rights Movement The 13th amendment, passed on the first of January, 1865 abolished slavery throughout America. Although African Americans were considered free after this amendment was approved, they still had a long and arduous struggle to absolute freedom. Before the Civil Rights Act of 1964, segregation in the United States was frequently used throughout many of the Southern and Border States. Schools, bathrooms, libraries, and even water fountains were segregated. Though there wereRead MoreSummary Of Ellen Degeneres Essay1529 Words   |  7 PagesAmerica’s history of slavery. The backlash from the ad is significant, because it highlights how freedom of speech is becoming more and more restricted in our society. In America, there is a history of discrimination against African Americans, which started with slavery. Starting in 1619, African slaves were brought over to America to work on plantations to help produce crops, such as tobacco and cotton. Slaves â€Å"were prohibited from learning to read and write, and their behavior and movement was restrictedRead MoreThe Civil Rights Movement Of The United States1668 Words   |  7 PagesThe civil rights movement in the USA in the 1950’s and 1960’s.can be termed as a democratic movement. The basic reason behind this was the discrimination of the African-Americans that were enslaved and did not have citizen rights. The African-Americans protested greatly against their injustice. The birth of the civil rights movement was before the 1954 Supreme Court’s decision on Brown versus Board of Education (Topeka) which stated that separate but equal schools was against the Constitution. From

Risks Involved In Bandra Worli Sea Link Project Construction Essay Example For Students

Risks Involved In Bandra Worli Sea Link Project Construction Essay The Movement of Vehicles in Mumbai metropolis and the Bandra-Worli Sea nexus undertaking are like disease and anti dote. It is the perfect solution for the site s eternal Movement of Vehicles issue. The native rail web provides better paths, AC managers and conveyances million of travelers. The non-rail constituents have new roads, over Bridgess, metros, and signal system. The Bandra-Worli Sea Link will merely add to the bing issues. Mumbai metropolis is among the five most contaminated metropoliss of the universe. The Municipal study insists that to cut down the air pollution in Mumbai metropolis it is indispensable to advance public conveyance viz. Rail web and Bus service. Many undertakings were suggested since 50 s for smooth Movement of Vehicles in Mumbai metropolis. The undertaking in inquiry was opposed, strongly by fisher work forces and other watchful indigens invariably. However the CRRI mentioned that these corridors should be implemented merely after detailed native research and the Execution of these undertakings should be started merely after the research say it is all right to travel in front. MUMBAI URBAN TRANSPORT PROJECT-I was planned around 1984. There was a het encephalon ramping session in the Assembly and the Maharashtra Govt. appointed a high degree squad called the K. G. Paranjape Team to give a list in precedence of solutions to Mumbai metropolis s Movement of Vehicles issues. The Team submitted its amalgamate Report which had certain undertakings listed in a precedence list. Kirloskar Consultants and the Operation Research Group made a thorough research of Movement of Vehicles conditions and submitted their studies in July 1994. This study has rejected the Bandra-Worli Sea Link Project and the West Island Freeway stating that it will pull more and more Movement of Vehicles towards South Mumbai metropolis and the congestion will merely acquire worse in many countries. The study has warned that if the Bandra-Worli Sea Link Project is implemented it will take to more congestion and as a effect more pollution and hence impacting the wellness of Mumbai metropolis s indigens. The V.M. Lal Team has besides suggested curtailing automobile Movement of Vehicles come ining the island Site at Sion and Mahim. As per the newspapers it is clear that the Bandra-Worli Sea Link Project has no scientific footing. It is black to allow the individualized vehicles occupy more infinite and roads, as it will be harmful to everyone including the users of private vehicle. Constitutional Legitimacy of the Bandra-Worli Sea Link Project The undertaking is supposed to be based on a research made by the Central Water and Power Research Institute, Pune. The research is based on a hydraulic theoretical account and non on the existent sea is studied. It is imperative to observe that the Indian Ecological Protection Act came into consequence in 1986 and the CRZ Notice in February 1991. In 1994 the Notice which made it compulsory to do an Ecological Consequence Analysis came into force and in the Notice necessitating a populace hearing besides came into force. Obviously these legal demands were non fulfilled. The Ecological Clearance can non be given without making anterior research and detecting all the stairss of process. Even so on 7th January, 199 the clearance was given. The of import clauses of this clearance were besides violated. This attitude shows that there is no regard for Constitutional clauses. In add-on to this the site location of the proposed toll place has been changed after obtaining Ecological clearance. Outline1 Illegality of the Undertaking2 Rules for Ecological Conformity in India3 What went incorrect with Project Location?4 Extenuation Measures and Ecological Effect Analysis Report5 The affected individuals may include:6 Monitoring the Clearance Conditionss7 Misdemeanors of Ecological Laws8 1. Jeer of a Public Hearing9 2. Incomplete Ecological Effect Analysis10 3. Project assessment Report non Available for review or mistake determination11 4. Proved carelessness and Misdemeanors Due to Reclamation12 Undesirability of the Undertaking13 a ) Consequence due to Blockage of Mithi Water organic structure14 B ) Financial Viability and Absence of Realistic Projections of Cost Recovery4315 degree Celsiuss ) Issues with the Planning and Execution of the Undertaking16 Decisions Illegality of the Undertaking Rules for Ecological Conformity in India About every Progressive activity has some negative Consequence on the nature. The Effect, nevertheless, differs harmonizing to the nature of activity. Therefore, whereas puting up an industrial unit can hold serious Effect on the H2O and air quality besides impacting the vegetation and zoology of the country, a main road undertaking can dramatically force up the noise and pollution degree of the environing countries. It is with the intent of incorporating the possible negative Effectss of a development undertakings that the Nature Effect Analysis is done. Therefore, it can be stated that Ecological Effect Analysis is one of the tools available to contrivers to minimise and incorporate harmful effects of the development activity on the nature. The aim is to anticipate and turn to possible Ecological issues/concerns at an early phase of undertaking planning and layout. This is a decision-making tool to guarantee that finite natural resources are utilized within the transporting capacit y of the eco-system to avoid its prostration. It is desirable to guarantee that the development options under consideration are sustainable. In making so, Ecological effects must be characterized early in the undertaking rhythm and accounted for in the undertaking layout. It integrates the Ecological concerns in Progressive activities right at the clip of originating the undertaking when fixing the feasibleness study ; It can frequently forestall future liabilities or expensive changes in undertaking layout. Prior to January 1994, in India was carried out under administrative leadlines which required the undertaking advocates of major irrigation undertakings, H2O organic structure vale undertaking, power Stationss, ports and seaports and so forth, to procure a clearance from the Ministry of Nature and Forest, Govt. if India. The Ecological appraised squad of the Ministry carried out the Ecological appraised. In January 1994, the Govt. of India notified the Nature Effect Notice under regulation 5 of Nature Protection ) Rule, 1986 and 29 designated undertakings. The Notice made it obligatory for the 29 designated undertakings to fix and subject an, and Nature Management Plan ( EMP ) and a Project Report to an Effect Analysis Agency for clearance. The Ministry of Nature and Forests, Govt. of Indian was designated the Effect Analysis Agency. Systematic Matching Sampling EssayEcological clearance notifies that land renewal should be kept to the lower limit, at any cost to less than 4.7 hectares and the same should be monitored closely so that it does non go against the clauses of the CRZ Notice, 1991 or as amended later. Mrs. Geeta Pardiwala a indigen of Shivaji Park deposed before the IPT stating that ab initio we were told that there would be merely two pillars on the sea nexus, one at Bandra and the other at Worli. However now they are repossessing more land, as it becomes cheaper for them to construct the span. Harmonizing to the 1994 Notice, any enlargement of all bing or new undertakings requires that non merely a fresh Ecological Effect Analysis is carried out nevertheless besides fresh permission for the said undertaking is sought and granted. This has decidedly non been adhered to in the instance of the Bandra-Worli Sea Link. The present undertaking is based on the 1992 MMRDA study ; nevertheless there are a figure of contradictions to the original recommendations. The Ecological Effect Section has recommendations by scientist C. V. Kulkarni that no farther renewal be allowed on the Bandra side, to forestall siltation in the Mahim bay and the creek country. In undertaking such as mentioned above, in instance new preies are to be opened, specific blessings from the competent authorization should be obtained in this respect. This has been violated by the Mumbai metropolis Suburban Collector who has issued the quarrying Permit. The prey on site falls under a no development zone , Notified in development control ordinance for Greater Mumbai metropolis, 1991. Wherever fishing or other marine activities are acquiring affected, the concerned bureau should be consulted and their concurrency obtained for the undertaking in inquiry. The fishermen affected by the undertaking in inquiry were neither consulted nor was their consent obtained. Mumbai metropolis is geographically positioned to play host to creeks and shoal Waterss opposite promontories. In most of the countries, these brooks have been blocked. Mahim Creek is one of the few sites left where the moving ridges can partly come in the country. However, the Effect on the marine ecology, vegetations and zoologies, and the possibility of originating eroding has non been studied. With Mahim creek acquiring shallower because of the procedure of siltation, there is a greater danger for seashore like the Versova beach. The eroding here become a geological jeopardy, and has assumed dismaying chances. The route web in Mumbai metropolis is based on three north-south corridor paths and there are really few uninterrupted east-west paths. Therefore, Movement of Vehicles is concentrated on a few paths that have become congested. Mumbai metropolis route Movement of Vehicles has worsened by around four hundred per centum in the last 20 old ages. It poses considerable wellness issues. The W. S. Atkins Report ( 1994 ) was commissioned by the MSRDC to research the feasibleness of the Bandra-Worli Sea Link. The consequence of the study is based on a strategic transit computing machine theoretical account based on cost and clip of travel and calibrated for Mumbai metropolis. Undesirability of the Undertaking a ) Consequence due to Blockage of Mithi Water organic structure The most insidious facet of the nexus, that will jeopardize the life of every native individual, is related to the eruption of epidemics. Almost 800 million liters of sewerage is discarded everyday in the Mahim Creek, besides the 1000s of industries that release wastewaters that are located in Dharavi and upstream of the Mithi Water organic structure. B ) Financial Viability and Absence of Realistic Projections of Cost Recovery43 The generalised cost of travel for the Bandra-Worli Sea Link is taken as the amount of travel clip cost, direct cost of travel and cost of uncomfortableness. By sing merely internal and direct costs borne by automobilists, the undertaking contrivers have non considered external and chance costs of the undertaking degree Celsiuss ) Issues with the Planning and Execution of the Undertaking It is non possible to accurately foretell the behavior of the sea utilizing a research based on theoretical accounts. Besides the day of the month used is outdated and the subsequent development i.e. the EPA of 1986 and the CRZ Regulation of 1991 have non been considered. Further, the CWPRS study goes on to state that the building of the span is non likely to make any inauspicious status along the costs. However as we have seen, this is decidedly non right, and among other thing with respects to Livings, inundations and mangroves the negative Effect is already being experienced Most experts agree that Socio-economic and fiscal instruments can assist accomplish sustainable development. Issues associating to transit are so complexly assorted with other issues, such as agricultural land usage and demographic and cultural tendencies that merely a coherent set of policy steps will work. Obviously, policy recommendations must be made on a case-by instance footing ; nevertheless some generalised attacks can be suggested. Transportation system policy schemes should dwell of Socio-economic, institutional, technological, information and land-use reforms. A balanced scheme should put criterions that can be used to accomplish full-cost recovery, inform consumers, provide options for them and incorporate societal and urban planning. Decisions It is understood from the above discussed study that non one, but several facets of the Ecological Regulations of the state have been violated in the proceedings of this undertaking. The undertaking as is planned will merely seek to extinguish the issue of vehicular pollution and Movement of Vehicles particularly in the Worli-Haji Ali Area which is already badly congested due to miss of infinite. The most bothersome portion of the undertaking is that in deepness research utilizing current informations have non been used to gauge the Ecological Effect of the undertaking on the site s coastline, mangrove woods and marine ecology, which till day of the month remains a major defect in the program. Last as there has been no study started to arouse how much the indigens are willing to pay for the usage of the span it should non stop up being another white Elephant to the State s treasury.

The Causation Of Serial Killers Essays - Psychopathy, Murder, Crime

The Causation of Serial Killers People become serial killers for many reasons. Serial Killers are people with three or more seperate events with an emotional cooling off period between homicides with an emotional cooling- off period between homicides with each murder taking place at a different location. (Schechter and Everitt, 69). Serial killers are the most frightening psychopaths because they do not reveal any of the basic human emotions- empathy, conscience, or remorse, (Schechter and Everitt, 179). According to Schechter and Everitt, authors of the A-Z Encyclopedia of Serial Killers, Serial Killers tend to be Caucasian men who kill white victims. Their studies have shown that 84% of serial killers are Caucasian, 90% are males, and 89% of the victims are white. There are four types of serial killers*. The most common one is the Lust Killer who kills to sexually stimulate themselves. The more they torture a victim, the pleasure the serial killer receives (Who is a Serial Killer?, 5). Although serial killers are well known today, they originated as far back as ancient Rome. Serial killing first started when the Roman Emperor Caligula tested torture and perversion on his prisoners . Most crime buffs believed that the first modern era serial killer was Jack the Ripper, a man who killed five London streetwalkers. Serial killing did not become well known until the post- world war II. By the 1970's serial killing had become such a problem that law enforcement officials needed to define the new crime category (Schechter and Everitt, 115). Former FBI agent Robert K. Ressler coined the term "Serial Killer", which has become well known among society. This psychopathic behavior grew to all parts of the world, including Canada. For example, Paul Bernardo, also known as the Scarborough Rapist, killed two Ontario teenagers. Most serial killers situate in the United States. 76% of the worlds serial killers come from the United States (Schechter and Everitt, 276). Although serial killers are increasing people still speculate the reasoning of such psychopathic behavior. Many people wonder the causes of the disturbing behavior of serial killers. The most plausible and believable theory is that traumatic childhood experiences lead directly to the behavior of serial killers. The "Homicide Triad", sadistic daydreaming and abuse of a child are key factors in the development of a serial killer. The "Homicide Triad" that includes enuresis, arson and animal torture as a child, is one of the most common traits of a serial killer. A key component that causes serial killer behavior is the "homicide triad" experienced as a child. The triad is made up of fire-starting, enuresis and sadistic behavior . One of the important and most common parts of the "homicide Triad" is Arson. John E. Douglas, a psychological profiler, believes that the future serial killers are arsonists because of a "fascination due to their fondness of spectacular destruction"(Schechter and Everitt, 282). He concludes that a serial killer's fascination for destruction increases as they get older and they turn to murder to satisfy their need for destruction. John E. Douglas and his colleagues Ann Burgess and Robert Ressler interviewed many serial killers and found that 56% of serial killers were arsonists as children (The Life of a Child: Childhood Traits of a Serial Killer, 3). Teenage killer George Adorno, set fire to his own sister at the age of four. Another example would include serial killer Carl Panzram, who killed twenty-one people. While Panzram was in reform school for theft at the age of eleven, he torched the school, costing more than one hundred thousand dollars worth of damage (Schechter and Everitt, 283). Sadistic activity, bed-wetting, and fire-starting are common threads among serial killers that supports the theory that childhood experiences relate to psychopathic behavior. Besides the three symptoms of the "Homicide Triad," another common denominator in the childhood of a serial killer is sadistic daydreaming. Another problem serial killers faced as children was Sadistic daydreaming. These daydreams were usually of sexual and violent nature. A psychology professor at Luther College, Jeremy Anderson states "Future serial killers have sexual fantasies as children to help control their fear and it is a way to relieve hostility and aggression towards others"(Anderson, 50). A child uses sexual fantasies as a form of escape

Should taxes on people making over $250,000 a year be changed essay

Should taxes on people making over $250,000 a year be changed essay Should taxes on people making over $250,000 a year be changed? essay Should taxes on people making over $250,000 a year be changed? essayIn actuality, fiscal changes are debatable issues since, on the one hand, the rise of taxes is essential to cover growing needs of the federal budget, while, on the other hand, there is the traditional policy of non-interference of the US government into the US economy. In this regard, the possible rise of taxes for the rich is particularly sensitive issue because the majority of the population supports such measure, but economic effects of such decision may be questionable, while the political opposition to such decision will be certain from the part of the Republicans, who traditionally stood on the economically liberal ground. The taxes on people making over $250,000 a year should be changed because the current taxation is unfair as the rich can afford paying higher taxes to support the poor, while the government can serve as the mediator between the rich and the poor.History and status of the issue  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The rise of taxes for the rich is quite a controversial issue, especially in the context of the US economy, which has always had a strong inclination to liberal policies with the minimal interference of the government into the national economy. In this regard, the Republican government was traditionally oriented on the liberation of fiscal policies with the minimal fiscal pressure, cut of government expenses, and free open market development. In contrast, the Democrats tended to the wider government interference and regulations to close the gap between the rich and the poor. Today, the Obama administration is considered to be the socialist administration because of its government policies that means that the current administration is favorable for the rise of taxes for the rich, including those, who earn over $250,000.The economic problem  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The main economic problem that actually stimulates the introduction of t he rise of taxes for the rich is the problem of the stumbling US economy and the low economic growth of the US. The deterioration of the economic situation in the US has triggered the pauperization of a large part   of the US population along with the shift of a considerable part of the middle-class toward the lower-class, while the upper-class earning over $250,000. The deterioration of the economic situation and pauperization of the population raises the problem of the further decline of the economic growth of the US because of the low consumption and focus of Americans on saving instead of spending. In such a situation, the government focuses on the enhancement of business activities, which can be achieved through the enhancement of the buying power of the majority of the population. In this regard, the increasing taxes for the rich open the way to decrease the fiscal pressure on the middle-class that prevents the further pauperization of the middleclass. Instead, the rich will not suffer substantial financial losses, because of their high level of income. As a result, the raise of taxes for the rich will help to resolve the problem of the economic decline of the US and boost the recovery of the US economy.The political problemThe political problem that emerges along with the rise of taxes for the rich is the problem of the government economic policy and over-regulation of the US economy. In fact, the historical development of the US was accompanied by the free economic development, while the government focused on other issues, but not economic issues. In such a way, the government regulation always evoked a strong opposition in the US politics as well as in the US society because such regulations were perceived as the excessive interference of the state into the economy of the US and private matters of individuals. The US was historically the country, where the government was not supposed to set the tight control over the economy by means of fiscal polic ies. In such a situation, the rise of taxes for the poor will evoke the severe criticism, especially from the part of the Republican Party. However, the rise of taxes will be an essential political decision to show that the government takes care for the average people, especially after 2008-2009 bailouts, when the government’s policy was perceived as the support of large corporations at costs of the average tax payers.The social problem  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Furthermore, the raise of taxes is closely intertwined with the burning social problem, the problem of the growing disparity within the US society. To put it more precisely, the economic recession of 2008 has triggered the considerable widening of gaps between the rich and the poor in the US. In fact, the rise of the social disparity was the result of substantial gap in the level of income of the rich and the poor. As a result, the growing social and economic disparity raises the problem of the growi ng tension between the rich and the poor. If the government keeps ignoring the problem, there is a high risk of the large scale social conflict. In this regard, the Occupy Wall Street Movement and similar movements may be viewed as mere precursors of the large scale social protest against the persisting injustice in the US that may trigger clashes between civilians and law enforcement agencies as well as the military. In a long-run perspective, the government will face considerable problems with the maintenance of the existing social order because of the growing social protest and elimination of existing social injustice.Conclusion  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Thus, the raise of taxes for those, who earn over $250,000 is an essential step to resolve current economic, political and social problems of the US. Even though this decision is difficult to take and this decision is likely to evoke a strong opposition in the US, but this decision is essential to undertake beca use it helps to bridge gaps between the rich and the poor and help the US middle-class to remain the middle- but not lower-class.

The Disaster Cycle

The Disaster Cycle The disaster cycle or the disaster life cycle consists of the steps that emergency managers take in planning for and responding to disasters. Each step in the disaster cycle correlates to part of the ongoing cycle that is emergency management. This disaster cycle is used throughout the emergency management community, from the local to the national and international levels and it is: Mitigation: Minimizing the effectsPreparedness: Planning the responseResponse: Efforts to minimize hazards that were created by the disasterRecovery: Returning the community back to normal with relief Starting the Disaster Cycle Again Finally, using the lessons learned from the response, recovery, and mitigation phases of the disaster the emergency manager and government officials return to the preparedness phase and revise their plans and their understanding of the material and human resources needs for a particular disaster in their community.

Immigration Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Immigration - Research Paper Example Sacco and Vanzetti moved from Italy to the United States at different times, but later united through anarchy related revolutionary activities (Carnevale 213). Immigration practices at the time are noteworthy different from today’s handling of the same issue. Immigration of persons at the time was not as strict as today’s. On the same token, there are some immigration practices that were then highly observed, but have turned out to be invalid or irrelevant in the contemporary society. Prior to addressing this issue, it is important to consider that Sacco and Vanzetti were convicted and later executed following murder charges for which they were found guilty. Prosecution undertakings were at the time influenced by more than justice pursuit. For this reason, the conviction and execution of Sacco and Vanzetti remains controversial to date. There are massive immigrant concerns that remain persistent in today’s society, just as they were during the Sacco and Vanzetti time. The interest here is to highlight immigrant concerns that have turned to be irrelevant or invalid in current times. The world society has evolved and revolutionized throughout the years. During this time, there have been a series of changes that immigrant practices have experienced. In the Sacco and Vanzetti story, there is a persistent concern of injustices against immigrants. Sacco and Vanzetti trial, conviction, and execution were marred by prejudice against their background and country of origin. As earlier mentioned, Sacco and Vanzetti had emigrated from Italy to the United States (Carnevale 213). In the light of the crime they were charged with, the fact that they were immigrants had to count in their trial. In other words, their innocence or guilt was informed by their race. The jury that tried them felt compelled and pressured by the Red Scare, and went ahead to convict them without substantial evidence that they had actually committed the cited murders. Their involvem ent in revolutionary pursuits that were informed by anarchism further made their case even worse. Immigrants engage in numerous activities in the host country, some of which are legal and others illegal. According to immigration laws, immigrants are expected to adhere to the laws and regulations of the host country, failure to which they are prosecuted within the existing legal system in the host country (Carnevale 229). Today, when immigrants engage in criminal activities, they are charged just like any other person in the country they reside, and in pursuit of justice. The practice that immigrant’s nationality influences evidence to committing or not committing a crime no longer holds to be valid today. It is an irrelevant practice that has faded away with time due to diversity, interaction, and interdependence of countries around the world. Immigration in the 1900s was associated with economic benefits to the host country. In other words, inward migration of persons to new territories was informed an added advantage to the country that hosted the immigrants. This was actually the case in the United States relative to the Sacco and Vanzetti case. Immigrants that were thought to be of no economic benefits to the host countries were turned away. They were only accepted in the event that they would benefit the host country. Today, this aspect has changed. In most cases, it does not even count as the reason for accepting inward immigrants in

Analysis Of The Film Farewell My Concubine Essay

Analysis Of The Film Farewell My Concubine - Essay Example The film starts by illustrating how two men, Xiaolou and Dieyi started their professional careers in â€Å"Peking Opera†. The two men used to perform as in masculine and feminine roles. Xiahou's appeared as a man on stage while Dieyi as the woman. The flashback in the film from the stage performance to the Warlords’ era reflects how the two men met and spent the hardships of the time together (Metalluk 2004, IMDb 2011). This melodramatic film portrays the shaping of gender identity under the barriers imposed by the culture and traditions. Many writers and commentators have commented their point of view on the identity performance and development in Farewell My Concubine; however, they failed to comment on the cross-cultural impact and attraction of the film (Cheshire 1992, Tiessier 1993). Moreover, the writers have focused to the anecdotal extent only while explaining the differences related culture, society and sex. Farewell My Concubine has a significant cultural iden tity attached to it. The story of the film covers the Chinese era from 1927 to 1977, which is a combination of warlords’ domination era, invading of Japanese Empire and the revolution in China in terms of culture. The film promotes and develops a particular cultural identity (Bergeson 1997). Apart from this, the film also presents a special kind of masculine feature which is presented as a male-dominated by extreme feminine characteristics. This identity is presented in the role played by Leslie Cheung as â€Å"Dieyi† which is the main character of the film; Concubine. Along with a depressing story of homosexual affection related to identities of masculinity and femininity, the film also presents a tensed situation with respect to the feminine desires as expressed by Dieyi. The film portrays an interesting and complex masculine identity which offers its viewers to observe the differentiating line between masculinity and femininity. Chinese cultural norms do not allow f emales to take part in Opera and henceforth, Dieyi being a man is forced to play the role of a woman along with Xiaolou. This role cum gender conflict is resolved as Dieyi decides to submit his wills and wishes for what is being demanded of him. After adopting the feminine gender on stage, Dieyi finds that he no more wants his masculinity back and learns to admit that â€Å"I am by nature a girl.† Performing along with his counterpart Xiaolou, the friendship relationship between the two turns into a romantic relationship in which Dieyi is seen to be more involved (Bergeson 1997, Metalluk 2004). Concubine’s identity performance is a fascinating seducing role apart from the original character of Dieyi. After Dieyi, the other Concubine which is revealed is in the form of Xiao Si, who is Dieyi’s son. The way in which the film presents femininity through the â€Å"mask of femininity†, allows the emotions of the characters to go beyond their respective roles. T he â€Å"mask of femininity† is in fact presented as incarnating the sexual desire. Beyond the construction of femininity on the social frame of reference, the film’s masking technique displays how femininity is desired more when it is subject to an artificial image.

Anne Frank Book Summary Essay Example for Free

Anne Frank Book Summary Essay I’ve just finished reading The Diary of a Young Girl, by Anne Frank. Anne Frank’s diary was begun on June 14th, 1942 and her last entry was on August 1st, 1944. Her diary was mostly about the Holocaust, when her family went into hiding. Anne’s family included herself, her sister (Margot Frank), her mother (Edith Frank), and her father (Otto Frank). This story was set in Prinsengracht, Amsterdam. I chose to read this book because stories that relate to war, really interest me. It all started on Anne’s thirteenth birth, when she received a diary from her parents. She was really excited because she wanted someone or something, she could tell her thoughts to. Even though Anne had a rich social life, she felt as if people didn’t know the real her. She began writing about daily events, school, boys, etc. Within a month, her entire life changed. More and more Jewish people were getting captured and receiving call ups. Call ups mean to surrender now and go to concentration camp. The family decided to go into hiding. They moved into a little section of Anne’s father’s office building that was walled off and hidden behind a singing bookcase. It was called â€Å"the Secret Annex†. For two years, the Frank family lived in â€Å"the Secret Annex†. Mr. and Mrs. van Daan and their son Peter (a little older than Anne) were also hiding with them. Later, Mr. Dussel, an elderly dentist, moved in and Anne had to share a room with him. Anne’s whole life now revolved around getting used to hearing gunshots and bombs. She started drifting away from her family because she spent more time studying and ready instead of spending time with them. Anne started to change as she began to spend time with Peter van Daan. Around that time, she started having dreams about a bout she was in love with, another Peter, Peter Schiff. She always came to see Peter (of the Annex) more than she used to. Before, Anne thought he was an obnoxious, hypersensitive and a lazy guy, but he turned out to be sensitive and caring. Eventually their relationship changed, and they became more than friends. Another big change for Anne happened, when the war was beginning to end. She heard on the radio that â€Å"personal accounts such as her diary will be in demand after the war ends†. She than started editing her diary with excitement! Unfortunately that didn’t last long. Anne started becoming more sensitive to the world around her. She felt completely alone. She felt constantly criticized and there was no escape. At one point, Anne thought it might’ve been better if she and her family had all died instead of hiding in the Annex. Things got a lot harder on Anne. The secret Annex was raided. On the morning of August 4th, 1994, they arrested all of the people in hiding. They were first brought to a prison in Amsterdam and then transferred to Westerbork, the transit camp for Jewish people in north of Holland. They were deported on September 3rd, 1944, in the last transport to leave Westerbork, and they arrived three days later in Auschwitz (Poland). Mr. van Daan (Hermann van Pels) was gassed to death in Auschwitz in October or November 1944. Mrs. van Daan (Auguste van Pels) died at and unknown concentration camp. Peter van Daan (Peter van Pels) was forced to take part in the â€Å"death march† from Auschwitz to Mauthausen (Austria), where he died on May 5th, 1945, right before the camp started. Albert Dussel (Fritz Pfeffer) died on December 20th, 1944, in the Neuengamme concentration camp. Edith Frank died in Auschwitz-Birkenau on January 6th, 1945, from hunger and exhaustion. Margot and Anne Frank had gotten typhus, caused by one of two types of bacteria: Rickettsia typhi or Rickettsia prowazekii, and their bodies were dumped in the Bergen-Belsen’s (concentration camp) mass graves. The only sole survivor was Otto Frank. He was the one who published Anne’s diary. The thing is, to this day, no one knows who exposed them. Every time I read this book, it gets better every single time. It also leaves me crying about ten minutes. It also makes me realize how lucky and blessed I am. Anne was such a brave girl, I could never imagine being in her position. I give this book ten out of then, it was one the best books I’ve ever read. I definitely recommend everyone to read The Diary of a Young Girl.

My Philosophy of Education Essay -- Philosophy on Education Statement

Philosophy of Education The field of teaching is one of undoubted complexity that has questioned the nature of students, knowledge, and education since the beginning of time. Due to the dynamic and controversial quality of this area, it is necessary for a prospective teacher to develop his or her personal philosophy of education, whether it is a hodge-podge of several standard examples or one clear viewpoint. My own philosophy derives from a little bit of each of the five basic philosophies with essentialism marginally coming on top and existentialism representing the least of my teaching attitudes. These aspects influence my personal views of the nature of students and knowledge, and the purpose of education, what I think will be my methodology of teaching, and how I feel about what should be included in curriculum and why. In order to be an objective, encouraging teacher, I believe that the students should be viewed in the best light as possible. Rousseau’s theory of the "noble savage" exemplifies this point that people are basically good. Although religiously speaking, I have been taught the sinful nature of humans, I cannot hold this against my students as free will provides the stipulation that people do will do what they want to do. Therefore, guidance is important to steer students toward desirable qualities such as appreciation for learning and responsibility. This guidance should accompany the mindset of giving them the benefit of the doubt. If a teacher starts classes thinking the students are naturally difficult and reluctant to learn, the outcome of achievement does not bode well, according to the Pygmalion effect. Thus my view of student nature combines the notion of the presumed receptive student and the beha... ...in preparation for the future and unforeseen circumstances. It is true that plans may change, but a guideline is helpful at this point to ensure the right steps are being taken toward my desired goals. I do not mean for my educational philosophy to be so confusing or contradictory by including so many mixed elements. But, right now, I do not want to discredit any principles that I find remotely noteworthy that may end up being crucial components of my approach. In addition, I sincerely doubt my philosophy will be completely unchanging, even as I embark on my professional career. Nevertheless, I look forward to all the experiences and philosophical exposure that will continue to shape my way of thinking so that I truly can be the best teacher I can be. Works Cited: Woolfolk, A. (2004). Educational Psychology: Ninth Edition. Boston: The Ohio State University.

Eng 125 Introduction to Literature the Secret Life of Walter Mitty

ENG 125 Introduction to Literature The Secret Life of Walter Mitty and The Story of an Hour share many a like factors and several differences. The major points involved in these stories demonstrate love with in a relationship of marriage but in different ways. Both women share a common bond of tolerance and absence towards certain things in their marital life. The men tend to share similarities from their wives being who they are as women and being concerned about their husbands well being. The Secret Life of Walter Mitty and The Story of an Hour share many a like factors and several differences.The major points involved in these stories demonstrate love with in a relationship of marriage but in different ways. Both women share a common bond of tolerance and absence towards certain things in their marital life. The men tend to share similarities from their wives being who they are as women and being concerned about their husbands well being. The men in literary works are similar beca use they both have women in their life whom care much about them. Although displayed through different actions it is very evident that both these women are deeply in tune with their other half.During the study and exploration of the traits and characteristics of each person, the stories give the opportunity for great evaluation of the pros and cons of caring and affection with marital traits. While each relationship is maintained and appreciated in dissimilar ways loving acts of kindness are continuously shown. The men in literary works are very different but they both have women in their life whom care much about them. Although displayed through different actions it is very evident that both these women are deeply in tune with their other half.Exploring the traits and characteristics of each person, the stories give the opportunity for great evaluation of the pros and cons of gender and marital traits. While each relationship is maintained and appreciated in dissimilar ways loving acts of kindness are continuously shown. Each of the literary pieces are written and described from different points of view. The Secret Life of Walter Mitty is written by a man, James Thurber in omniscient third person point of view. This allows the narrator to tell and describe his own thoughts of the character as the story proceeds.With Mrs. Mitty it’s not so much the same, her thoughts are given with her own words in plain form. With The Story of an Hour it also written by a woman, Kate Chopin in third person point of view also, but it is considered to be known as third person limited omniscient. â€Å"This is a point of view when the thoughts and feelings of only one of the characters are related through the narrator. An external narrator who takes a detached approach to the action and characters, usually to create a dramatic effect, and does not enter into their minds is using an objective point of view. (Journey into Literature 2010) The story is told from only one ch aracter thoughts through the whole story. Although the story has more than one character the reader understands the concept with only the main characters thoughts and emotions. The Story of an Hour is considered to be a work of poetry according to the book Journey into Literature while The Secret Life of Walter Mitty is a short story. I would have to agree that both of the writings are short stories and neither one should be considered poetry. The title alone lets the reader know this is story and not poetry.Both stories are short and made up of a series of short paragraphs, each of these pieces of work are descriptive in the writing style the author has chosen. They both give great detail and lots of information. Poetry can have all the same elements but poetry may consist of the reader gathering a perception of the message being relayed. These short stories give insight to every step, feeling, and emotion as the stories unfold. The author gives a play by play of who is involved, w hat happened, why it happened, how it happened and what the final outcome is or was.In The Story of An Hour since all events occur in only one hour there is not much time for major flashbacks, or history of characters. Most thoughts in the story are brief but very literal in explanation; although short a clear understanding is still valid. With The Secret Life of Walter Mitty does not happen in one hour but during a couple of hours out of the day. The same situation applies in this story not much time to elaborate on things of the past or how they got that way, but it does give enough great detail to determine the role and habits of the characters involved.Each story ends differently with certain breaking points throughout each piece of the literary works. The Secret Life of Walter Mitty has no climax to the ending but instead the story ends just as it started. Mr. Mitty begins with a daydream and the story ends the same way with a day dream. This is an ordinary man who embarks and embraces doing extraordinary things in his own mind. His mind flutters with fantasies, that let him become whoever he likes at that moment. In my opinion this could be connected to the relationship he has with his wife. Mrs.Mitty can tend to a bit bossy and over bearing at times which could put Mr. Mitty in a bad place. His solution to the issue could be to zone out and find a place in mind to escape the pressure of reality. Mrs. Mitty can be seen as the person in the relationship who often takes the leadership role, but we have to conclude at what cost. She is simply a woman who knows the type of man she has been married to for sometimes and knows his qualities. It may appear she is being hard on him, but she is only doing her wifely duties by keep keeping her husband on track.In Mitty’s habitual daydreaming he often considers and imagines himself a completely different person, than he really is in everyday life. He has become of importance in most cases, a hero, someone who matters. Once the day dreaming is over and Mrs. Mitty, who is always there to bring him back to reality, he returns to being just a regular forgetful and very passive husband. Mitty seems to want to be better and do better but he knows this cannot be accomplished alone. So even though he dislikes the way his wife shows her feeling towards him at times, he accepts it knowing it is beneficial to him.A perfect symbol used would be the window, which Louise looks out as she is deep thought about the circumstances she is now faced with. The window represents freedom, almost like a clear view of what takes place. â€Å"But when Mrs. Mallard hears the shocking news, she undergoes a profound transformation that empowers her with a â€Å"clear and exalted perception†Ã‚   (The Explicator 2011)Mrs. Mallard is trying to hold it together as she gazes out of a window all while telling herself be free. She felt something major was about to happen but she was unsure of what it was.The windo w is symbolic to knowing there is an outside view but not really being certain of it is out there. The story even explains to us that she was â€Å"drinking in a very elixir of life though that open window† (Kate Chopin (1894) Journey into Literature 2010). Being connected with the window as a symbol this statement alone can bring us to the conclusion she was experiencing a feeling leeriness and had mixed emotions. The symbolic themes in the story of Mitty would consist of overshoes he gloves, and the tire chains. They all represent Mrs. Mitty's control factors with her husband.She reminds him to purchase the over shoes in a demanding way. She also expresses her feeling about him driving the speed limit when she advises him to and slow down to 40 from 55. In addition, she requires him to take his car to a garage to have the snow chains on his tires removed. In Kate Coplins Story there is a climax involved. There was something coming to her and she was waiting for it. She did not know exactly what it was, but she felt deep in her spirit and soul. She was beginning to realize that something was approaching and was about to take over her. As she fought the feeling with her all her might it could not be avoided.When she abandoned herself a voice whispered â€Å"Free, free, free! † The vacant stare and the look of terror that had followed it went from her eyes (The Explicator 2003)  Ã‚  Ã‚   The Story of an Hour displays its love within a marriage through a wife’s heartbreaking and compelling thoughts after she has learned of her husband’s death. Louise and Brently Mallard are the couple that defines this love story. She is a very fragile woman who is also sickly which makes the news even harder to cope with. As her life flashes before and she is in deep thought about her husband, whom she no longer can share with peace becomes of her.She wonders if she can make it or how will go on with the sudden change. Her expression of is shown as she ponders and gazes out of window about a life she once knew. â€Å"There would be no one to live for her during those coming years; she would live for herself. There would be no powerful will bending hers in that blind persistence with which men and women believe they have a right to impose a private will upon a fellow–creature. † (The Story of an Hour Journey into Literature 2010) At this point it is obvious all her life she imagined having her husband there through it all.The mood at this time gives the impression she may feel herself slipping away but still trying to hold it together. Had this woman not been so deeply in love and concerned about her husband of course none of this would have e affected her the way it did. At one point in time she sits in a chair allows her head to drop back and just thinks. These are both example of pure and true love. We know that both stories were created and developed as short stories but they differ in the kind of short story they represent. The Story of an Hour is very serious and somewhat tragic story.It could also be considered a drama based on the fact it is about love, and the loss of a beloved spouse and also death. The author also wrote this work in the form of suspense of teasing kind of way. While Mrs. Mallard has an emotional epiphany, it challenges the reader to wonder if she is going to make it. The reader could draw the conclusion that maybe she won’t make it without her husband, and the story could end in two deaths instead of just one. The Secret Life of Walter Mitty is far from a tragedy, it’s actually the complete opposite. This story takes on more of comedic role than anything.The author takes a creative and playful approach with this particular story. The mind boggling of Walter can be quite humorous once you get more involved in the story and especially if you the story more than once. Another part I thought was funny was when Mr. and Mrs. Mitty would snap at each other when of the two were voicing their opinion about something. For instance if Mrs. Mitty caught Walter drifting away in his mind she would remind him of his daily tasks. Instead of Walter looking at it as if she was showing her affection by keeping him on the right path, in his mind he viewed it as if she was fussing or nagging.In actually had she not reminded him of certain things at certain times it probably wouldn’t get done. It reminds me of an old couple, which they were , where both parties think they have all figured out and don’t really need the other one. In this case they both need each other, Mrs. Mitty more than likely would have nothing to do if she didn’t have to watch her husband all day, and Walter would spend all his time in another life if Mrs. Mitty wasn’t by his side. It’s just pure old fashion, sweet, and romantic love that has grown into this over time.In my opinion its cute and sweet. The example of love demonstrated in The Se cret Life of Walter Mitty is not the same at all. While the affection is still there Walter Mitty and his wife Mrs. Mitty do things a little different. Mrs. Mitty takes on more of a caretaker role in this union. Walter has the habit of becoming side tracked extremely easy. Daydreaming is known to be his source of how his mind wonders and drifts away from real life. â€Å"Mitty daydreamed of a more exciting life as he went about his errands. He became a war hero, or a doctor or an excellent marksman.His daydreams, however, were always interrupted by his wife, bystanders or other realities of life† (Bismarck Tribune2010) His wife constantly has to remind him of things that need to be done, which he hates by the way. His wife projects her love towards her husband in more of mother son type relationship. She knows what he needs and also knows he is very hard headed about getting it done. â€Å"Remember to get those overshoes while I'm having my hair done,† she said. † I don't need overshoes,† said Mitty. She put her mirror back into her bag. â€Å"We've been all through that,† she said, getting out of the car. You're not a young man any longer† (The Secret life of Walter Mitty Journey into Literature 2010) This conversation between Mitty and his wife describes his feelings towards his wife continuously giving him instructions to abide by. At times he may not like it but her thoughts and devotion are strictly out of love. Just as any relationship if one party does not care then nothing will be mentioned or done to diffuse the situation. The Secret Life of Walter Mitty shows a marriage in which the wife is dominating, and controlling, Mitty, is very passive, and submissive, and under his wife's thumb.The Story of an Hour shows a marriage in which the wife feels as if she may not make it without her husband, who is obviously supportive and much needed. In one story the husband is needed an in the other the wife is needed. Regard less to who needs who the unions cannot be complete with one missing piece. Mitty nay have not admitted it or showed it but with Mrs. Mitty he would be lost and living in a fantasy world. Mrs. Mallard admitted and expressed that needed to her husband to survive, for in the end it was his passing and presence for the reason as to why she died. .

Ethics in Advertisements

Ethics in advertisements Advertisement is the process of communicating the most persuasive selling message possible, to the right potential consumer of products or services at the right time and place, at least possible cost. Advertisement acts as a communicating bridge between producer and consumer. With industrialization and expansion of market access, importance of advertising is steadily on the increase in modern society. Advertising, using media as its vehicle, is a pervasive, powerful force shaping attitudes and behavior in today's world. At times it goes beyond the traditional role of ‘fair and truthful’ information and portraits obscene, undesirable and unethical scenes giving a detrimental result especially on the young population of the society. The article have talked about various types of unethical advertisements like advertisements endorsed by children, surrogate advertising, false and misleading advertisements etc. This article also talks about few advertisements which are ethical. The ethical aspect of Indian advertisement is extremely important for restoration of our Indian culture, norms, ethics and heritage. Introduction: Ethics: Ethics have always been an important aspect of every business activity, although the term has meant different things at different times in different lands to different people. Nonetheless, as ethical concerns are an inseparable element of business, advertising cannot ignore them. Sadly, the advertising industry has rarely cared to look beyond immediate marketing objectives. The argument in the industry is that it is the government's job to judge what is right and what is wrong. Shirking its own responsibility for regulation, the industry has belittled business values and agencies have harmed their balance sheets. For any business, customer is very important, and businessman attempt to communicate to all their target customers using means of communication like advertising and sales promotion. Advertising is a very powerful and most commonly used tool. Definition of ethics in advertising: The term ethics in business involves â€Å"morality, organisational ethics and professional deontology† (Isaac, cited in Bergadaa', 2007). Every industry has its own guidelines for the ethical requirements. However, the principal four requirements for marketing communications are to be legal, decent, honest and truthful. Unfortunately, in a society where the course of action of the companies is determined by profit targets the use of marketing communications messages â€Å"may constitute a form of social pollution through the potentially damaging and unintended effects it may have on consumer decision making† (Hackley and Kitchen, 1999). Benefits of advertising Communication The organization has to attract the customer and crededate a market for its products. For this purpose, advertising is the most powerful and widely used tool for communicating message regarding products/services to a large target audience. To raise the standard of living In our developing economy, adverting with its micro and macro level influences, exerts vast and varied influences that have played key role in raising the standards of physical and material well being of the Indian society. To make market competitive In India, one finds many innovations being introduced which has changed the market structure from seller's market, and thus the result is more competitive market conditions. Product differentiation It is a fact that advertising brings about products variety through real and psychological product differentiation. Critical evaluation of advertising Though many benefits are achieved through advertisements, the ad message is becoming more and more exaggerated. To achieve competitive advantage, advertising magnifies unimportant differences, resorts to clever, tricky product promises, and claims more and more unbelievable benefits. The customer finds many advertisements as false, deceptive, or misleading. Consumers are uncertain regarding whether or not the performance of a product purchased will in fact meet their needs. If they find that the product lacks in quality, advantage, durability etc. , as advertised they might not buy it again, and develop an aversion to every other product of that company. Unethical advertising Advertisement is considered unethical in the following situations; When it has degraded or underestimated the substitute or rival's product. When it gives false or misleading information on the value of the product. When it fails to give useful information on the possible reaction or side effects of the product. When it is immoral. Ways of misleading the consumers: Many a time, traders entice the customers into their stores by advertising goods at a very low price, but they stock only a handful of such sale items in the store. When the advertised goods are sold out, consumers are steered towards the higher-priced stock or lower quality goods. Sale offer should be for a limited period. Advertisement should declare that sale offer is for a limited time period. The period of the offer should be made clear in the advertisement only when the advertised goods are available for a limited period or stocks are limited. Traders often offer insignificant price reduction. To illustrate, a trader may advertise that the price of product is reduced to Rs. 99. 95, when the normal selling price is Rs. 100. The trader must include the normal selling price and discounted price in his offer . The trader sale offer is misleading if the trader claims the product is below cost, when the price is not below cost after discounts, rebates and other allowances it is misleading if the trader simply shows a fictitious higher price as normal selling price in the advertisement. Advertisement must clearly indicate the total price of goods or services. All price comparison must be truthful and must not intentionally or unintentionally mislead the consumers. Under the Fair Trade Practices Act, retailers have an obligation to ensure that they do not mislead or make false representations to customers with respect to price of the goods. The consumers who shop around and compare the prices of various products are less likely to be deceived by misleading claims consumers should also be aware of what is a reasonable price of goods and not take any advertised discounts at face value. While many sales are legitimate or genuine, the consumers should not get attracted to such sales offers i. e. , â€Å"Hurry†¦ very few days remain for sale†. The consumers should be aware of what to expect when retailers place items on sale and how to avoid being misled by discount advertisements. A marketer should take care to ensure that when goods or services are advertised to be available at a discount or as being on sale, it is a genuine discount or sale. Categories of advertisements: Personal ethics Business ethics Human values Societal ethics Personal ethics: Advertisements which shows impact on personal feelings and relations are divided into two categories viz. , ads which convey personal ethics and which do not. Advertisements which convey personal ethics are: HDFC life insurance: This ad tells about personal relationship between father and his daughter. Surf Excel: This ad conveys the student’s affection towards his teacher. Advertisements which do not convey personal ethics are: Mentos: This ad shows declining respect of a student towards his teacher. Close up: This ad degrades the value of friendship. Business ethics: Advertisements which follow the business rules and values are divided into two categories viz. , ads which follow business ethics and which do not. Advertisements which follow business ethics are: Clinic all clear: This ad follows business ethics by only promoting its product. Horlicks: This ad promotes its product by exhibiting its product. Advertisements which do not follow business ethics: Adwars which come under this category are: Coke vs pepsi Rin vs tide Human Values : Advertisements which shows human nature, cultureand behavior are divided into two categories viz. , ads which convey human values and which do not. Advertisements which convey human values are: Airtel: This ad features its promotions by showing the importance of togetherness. Fair and lovely: This ad shows the importance of human values. Advertisements which do not convey human values are: Dairy milk silk: This ad features its promotion by degrading the importance of culture Fair and lovely: This ad shows the impact of beauty on culture Societal ethics : Advertisements which shows responsibilities towards society are divided into two categories viz. , ads which convey societal ethics and which do not. Advertisements which convey societal ethics are: Tata tea : This ad shows the need of public participation and importance of politician towards society Pulser mania : This ad mainly concentrates on promoting itself rather than safety Idea : This partly conveys societal ethics but donot concentrate on the applicability of it There are many other advertisements which show concern towards the society. Some of them are: Aircel, which has taken an initiative to save our national animal by the campaign â€Å"save our tigers† Conclusion: Reputable companies and advertising agencies avoid telling lies. They realize the cost of being caught. A dent in trust can prove to be much costlier than the failure of an ad campaign or for that matter, even a brand. The challenge before advertisers and agencies is to ensure that ads reflect our values. We must endeavor to see that â€Å"advertising† does not remain a dirty word.

A needs orientated approach to care The WritePass Journal

A needs orientated approach to care Introduction A needs orientated approach to care IntroductionAssessmentPlanningImplementationEvaluationConclusionReference listRelated Introduction The aims of this assignment are to provide a needs orientated approach to care using a nursing model alongside a nursing process in order to create a framework. The nursing model for the purpose of the assignment will be Roper, Logan and Tierney (RLT). A nursing model is used to determine what is important and relevant to providing individualized care (Barrett, Wilson, Woollands 2009). This will be discussed in detail providing evidence of strengths and weaknesses of the model. The nursing process that will be discussed will be APIE which is assess, plan, implement and evaluate. A nursing process is a systematic approach which focuses on each patient as an individual ensuring that the patients holistic needs are taken into consideration. These include physical, social, psychological, cultural and environmental factors. . The nursing process is a problem solving framework for planning and delivering nursing care to patients and their families (Atkinson and Murray 1995). When used coll aboratively the nursing model and the nursing process should provide a plan of care that considers the patient holistically rather than just focusing on their medical diagnosis (Moseby’s 2009). It will also discuss an example of a care plan done for a fictional patient and evaluate and discuss how the nursing plan and the nursing process have created a plan of care and how effective this was or was not. Care planning is a highly skilled process used in all healthcare settings which aims to ensure that the best possible care is given to each patient.   The Nursing and Midwifery council state that care planning is only to be undertaken by qualified staff or by students under supervision. The Department of health (2009) says that â€Å"Personalized care planning is about addressing an individual’s full range of needs, taking into account their health, personal, social, economic, educational, mental health, ethinic and cultural background and circumstances† with the aim of returning the patient to their previous state before they became ill and were hospitalized considering all of these needs to provide patient centered care. It recognizes that there are other issues in addition to medical needs that can impact on a person’s total health and well being’.It provides a written record accessible to all health professionals where all nursing interventions can b e documented. Care planning is extremely important as it enables all staff involved in the care to have access to relevant information about the patients current medical problems and how this affecting them in relation to the 12 activities of living as well as any previous medical history. Barrett et al (2009) state that taking care of an individuals needs is a professional, legal and ethical requirement. There are many different nursing models all of which have strengths and weaknesses and its up to the nurse to choose the right one for individual patient, the model which is used will vary between different speciailties depending on which is more relevant to the patient and their illness and needs. Although a vast majority of hospitals now use pre-printed care plans it is important to remember that not all the questions on them will be relevant to all patients. An example of this would be that activity of breathing may not have any impact on a healthy young adult be would be a majo r factor for an elderly man with COPD. There are four stages to the nursing process which are Assess, plan, implement and evaluate (APIE) but Barrett et al state that there should be six stages to include systematic nursing diagnosis and recheck (ASPIRE)   as although they are included in the nursing process they are not separate stages and could be overlooked.(Barrett et al 2009). It is important that a nursing process is used and it is set out in a logical order, the way in that the nurse would think this helps minimize omissions or mistakes. Roper, Logan and Tierney model of nursing suggests that there are five interrelated concepts which need to be taken into consideration when planning and implementing care which are activities of living, lifespan, dependence/independence continuum, factors influencing activities of living and individuality in living (Roper, Logan and Tierney 2008). Assessment Assessment is fundamental to gaining all the information required about the patient in order to give the best possible care. â€Å"Assessment is extremely important because it provides the scientific basis for a complete nursing care plan† (Moseby’s 2009). The initial assessment untaken by nurses is to gather information regarding the patients needs but this is only the beginning of assessing as the holistic needs of the patient including physical, physiological, spiritual, social, economic and environmental needs to be taken into consideration in order to deliver appropriate individualized care (Roper, Logan and Tierney 2008). When using the 12 activities of living (ALs) for assessment it gives a list a basic information required but must not just be used as a list as the patient will respond better to questions asked in an informal manner and when just part of the general conversation. RLT (2008) state that although every AL is important some are more important than o ther and this can vary between patients. It is important for nurses to obtain appropriate information through both verbal and non-verbal conversation patients are more likely to give correct information but without jumping to conclusions or putting words into their mouths. ‘Assessment is the cornerstone on which a patients care is planned, implemented and evaluated (RLT 2008). â€Å"Poor or incomplete assessment subsequently leads to poor care planning and implementation of the care plan† (Sutcliffe 1990). Information can be gained from the patient, the patients family and friends as well as any health records (Peate I, 2010) During this process of gathering information it is important to find out what the patient can do as well as what they cant. , McCormack, Manley and Garbett (2004) state that gathering the information requires a certain kind of relationship between the nurse and the patient and nurses need to be able to communicate effectively in order to be able to build this relationship.   A full assessment needs to consider how the patient was before they became ill or hospitalized in relation to their medical diagnosis as well as how the patient was dealing with it, how they are now, what is the change or difference if any, do they know what is causing the change, what if anything they are doing about it, do they have any resources now or have they have in the past to deal with the problem (barrett et al). RLT (2008) state that there are 5 factors that influence the 12 activities of living which are biological, psychological, sociocultural, environmental and politicoeconomic, these may not all have an effect on each patient but all need to be taken into consideration.The more information gained in the assessment process the easier the other steps will follow. RLT (2008) suggest that assessing is a continuous process and that further information will be obtained through observations and within the course of nursing the patient. At the end of the initial assessment the nurse should to identify the problems that the patient has. There are limitations to using a nursing process which are   the 12 als are often used as a list as part of a core care plan and are not always individualized Walsh (1998) argues that the 12 activities of living may just be used as a list which could result in vital information being missed which could be detrimental to the patient. The Nursing and Midwifery Council (NMC 2008) states a nurse is personally and professionally accountable for actions and omissions in practice and any decisions made must always be justifiable. There are many benefits to using a nursing process it is patient centered and enables individualized care for each patient. It also gives patients input into their own care and gives them a greater sense of control it is outcome focused using subjective and objective information which helps and encourages evaluation of the care given. It also minimizes any errors and omissions. When I carried out the assessing stage on mabel I did this using the 12 activities of living as suggested by Roper et al (2008) but this was used too much like a checklist. I didn’t gather enough information in order to be able to do the best plan of care possible for her although I don’t feel this could have been detrimental to the care she received it needed more information than I had. I also found it difficult deciding which information should go where so I endened up repeating information in more than one of the 12 als, Which although this wouldn’t have made a difference to the planning of the care plan there was too much irrelevant information which could mean that it wasn’t read thoroughly just skimmed over as it would take too much time. As I am inexperienced in doing this I realized when writing the care plan that there were many questions that I didn’t ask so there where many parts that could not be filled in. I also didn’t gather e nough objective data for certain parts so I didn’t have   any evidence that the care had worked or how effective it had been. This is where Barrett et al (2009) state that there should be a systematic nursing diagnosis where nurses establish a nursing diagnosis rather than just a medical diagnosis. This is where the holistic needs of a patient are taken into consideration. Although nursing diagnosis differs from a medical diagnosis the two do interlink but a nursing diagnosis considers the physical, psychological and spiritual aspects of the medical diagnosis and problems that may arise from these. Another part of the systematic nursing diagnosis is to provide baselines to state where the patients are at at the present time so that a needs statement can be written in conjunction with the patient in terminology that they can understand(Barrett et al 2009). Planning The next stage of the nursing process is planning this is where all the information gained in the assessment part to plan the care of the patient. The planning stage of the process is where achievable goals need to be made through discussion with care givers and the patient or the patients representative. These goals need to contain both subjective goals and objective goals in order for them to be measurable and evaluated. The plan of care is to solve the actual problems the patient has and to prevent potential problems from becoming actual ones. It also aims to help the patient cope with their illness in a positive way and to make them as comfortable and pain free as possible (RLT 2008). Planning needs to be totally individualized and patient centered they need to feel they have a voice and part of the team. The more information gathered in assessment the easier the plan of care will be. The main objective of a nursing plan is to ‘provide the information on which systematic, i ndividualized nursing can be based and individualized nursing can be based and implemented by any nurse’ (RLT 2008). Through a detailed individualized plan of care any nurse caring for a particular patient should be able to see exactly what is required of them as all the information will be recorded in the care plan.   The NMC (2008) says that nursing interventions need to be specific for that particular patient, based on best evidence, measurable and achievable. There are many different criteria for setting goals just one of these is PRODUCT which stands for, Patient centered, recordable, observable and measurable, directive, understandable and clear, credible and time related. This is just meant as a way of helping nurses to set goals (Barrett et al 2009). When planning care a great emphasis needs to be based on the dependence/independence continuum which will have been established in the assessment phase. The care to be given will encourage the patient to get back to as reasonably possible or as close to where they were on the continuum as they were before they were admitted to hospital. Planning also needs to take into account the resources available to implement the care as they need to ensure that the care they are planning is achievable and will not be compromised by lack of resources or a shortage of nursing staff (Roper et al 2008). When I did a plan of care for mabel it quickly became evident how inexperienced I was. I didn’t gather enough information in the assessing period to be able to do an effective plan of care. I also didn’t know how achievable the goals where as I wasn’t aware of how long they would take to improve or if they where achievable or not, I also found it difficult determine which problems were interrelated and as a result tried to link anxiety in with another problem when in fact it was a problem on its own. I was able to write the needs statements effectively that were not long but on a couple of these the influencing factors were missed out which would be necessary when providing holistic care. Planning care for a patient requires a great deal of knowledge in the chosen specialty which is why it must be carried out by a qualified member of staff or a student under supervision. Implementation Implementation is the next part of the nursing process and where all the goals which were set in the planning stage are put into motion and the goals can start to be achieved through nursing and medical interventions. The main component of the implementation stage is the delivery of the care to the patient. This is done with nursing staff, the multidisciplinary team members involved in the patients care such as doctor, dieticians and physiotherapists and the patient themselves in order for the patient to be able to return to how they were previously before they were admitted to hospital. The plan of care will be specific to the particular patient and will focus on the biopsychosocial aspects of the patient (Marriner 1983).Implementation provides great emphasis on individualized care which is why it is important to establish in the previous phases where they are on the dependence/independence continuum and what they are able to do now and what they were able to do before. Individualis ed care is associated with how the patient did things before such as how the person carries out the ALs and how often they carry these out. An example of this would be when carrying out the AL of personal cleansing and dressing to individualise the care it would be necessary to have determined in the assessing stage how the patient usually did this and how often it wouldn’t be individualized if in the care plan it was stated that they got a shower every morning if at home they only did this once a week. Core care plans may be used in certain situations this can provide a greater level of care as potential problems can be foreseen if related to a certain problem on the other hand it is also important not to standardize care as patients react differently to different illnesses and treatment. (Faulkner A, 2000). The NMC (2008) state that nurses are required to ‘Make the care of people your first concern, treating them as individuals and respecting their dignity’. In order to deal with certain problems or situations people often develop coping strategies which can be either adaptive or maladaptive. Adaptive coping strategies are usually helpful to the patient whereas maladaptive ones could be detrimental to their health such as smoking or drinking, the patient may feel this helps them to deal with a present situation but it is actually causing them harm.   Patients need to be discouraged from using maladaptive coping strategies this could be done by introducing them to adaptive coping strategies and encouraging them to change their maladaptive ones into adaptive ones. Diamond (2008) states that there are also legal and ethical issues when it comes to implementing care as consent needs to be gained before any care is implemented and if this is not given the care cannot be given this will obviously have an effect on how effective the care has been when evaluating the care. The Nursing and Midwifery Council (NMC) state in section 3 of the code o f conduct you must obtain consent before you give any treatment or care (2002). During the implementation of Mabel I found that although I was able to implement the care effectively I hadn’t recognized all of the nursing interventions needed to provide holistic care and I wasn’t fully aware of timescales of the planned care. I feel I also needed to research further into Mabel’s problems in order to gain the appropriate knowledge to provide the best care available as this would ensure that are the interventions are evidence based and best practice (NMC 2008). Barrett et el (2008) state that this is where recheck should take place which would enable the health care provider to establish how effective the plan of care is before the treatment ends this would enable them to re-evaluate the plan of care while the treatment is still ongoing and adjust the goals accordingly. Evaluation Evaluation is where the care that has been given can be assessed to evaluate the care given and whether it has worked or not. Chalmers (1986) describe that it is an ongoing and continuous process and also occurs at timed points in a formal setting. Roper et al (2000) say that evaluating care also provides a basis for ongoing assessment, planning and evaluation. There are two different parts to evaluation summative evaluation and formative evaluation. Formative evaluation is done with the patient taking into account whether they feel the care given has worked when done with consideration of the dependence/independence continuum information regarding the patients previous place on the dependence/independence continuum can be obtained from the patient, their friends and relatives as well as other health care professionals in the multidisciplinary team involved in the care of the patient. Summative evaluation is when the holistic view of the patient is taken into consideration how they feel about the treatment, whether they felt that the goals were achievable. It so where all the measureable data stated in the baselines and data received after this time are analyzed to show how effective or not the treatment has been. When evaluating care consideration needs to be given to the influencing factors such as biological factors as the bodies physical ability varies according to age the physical ability of an older person is generally less efficient, therefore therefore the plan of care needs to take this into consideration so that when the evaluation takes place it its hoped to have been effective. A nurse needs to evaluate her patient’s status regularly for some patients this will be just once a day but for others it will be much more frequent depending on their illness and healthcare status. RLT (2008) says that evaluation must be individual to the specific patient and not just a standard goal that is related to a specific problem. If goals haven’t been achieved then it is up to the nursing staff to determine why. Maybe the goals set weren’t measureable or achievable. Parsley and Corrigan (1999) say that if goals haven’t been measureable or achievable then new goals need t o be set. It could also be that the nursing interventions were not successful in which case new interventions should be set. Through my evaluation of Mabel it was evident that I did not require all the information to do a comprehensive plan of care. Although I did set baselines which meant I could compare data I wasn’t experienced enough to set goals to the correct timeframe I also didn’t obtain enough measureable information in certain problems to be fully able to assess how effective or ineffective the care had been. Had I had more experience I feel that the evaluation wouldn’t be a problem.   Evaluation requires checking and rechecking in order to see the effectiveness of the care delivered. It requires knowledge and expertise to be able to effectively evaluate and amend the goals and interventions set as necessary. The whole care planning process took me a long time and I still was not very good at certain aspects of it. When setting goals a lot of detailed information is required in order for the plan of care to be effective so I can now understand why it is necessary for a trai ned member of staff to carry out the task. Conclusion This assignment has shown that when used together the nursing process and the nursing model provide a good basis to providing care. It sets out a systematic approach to providing care. Care needs to be set out in a way that both the nurse and the patient know exactly what is happening as well as any other health care professional in the multidisciplinary team providing care for the patient. It has also shown that involving patients in their care enables them to feel they are part of the team and are more likely to help themselves with their care. Reference list Sutcliffe E 1990, Reviewing the process progress. A critical review of literature on the nursing process. Senior Nurse, 10(a), 9-13. Applying the Roper-Logan-Tierney model in practice 2008 Elsevier ltd. Roper N, Logan W, Tierney J (2008) The Roper Logan Tierney model of nursing, Churchill Livingstone:London. Dimond, B. (2008) Legal Aspects of Nursing, 4th ed. Harlow: Pearson Education. Barrett D, Wilson B, Woolands A (2009) Care planning a guide for nurses: Pearson, Essex. Faulkner A (2000) Nursing The reflective approach to adult nursing. Stanley Thornes: Cheltenham. Peate I (2010) Nursing care and the activities of living 2nd ed. Wiley-Blackwell: West Sussex. Yura H, Walsh M (1983) The nursing process: Assessment, Planning, Implementing, Evaluating. Appleton Century: Crofts Norfolk. Cook S (1995) The merits of individualized measures within routine clinical practice. . dh.gov.uk/en/Healthcare/Longtermconditions/DH_093359(2009) (29/04/11 Alfaro R (2002), Applying the nursing process: Promoting collaborative care 5th ed. Lippincott: London. Moseby’s Medical Dictionary (2009), 8th ed, Elsevier. nmc-uk.org/Nurses-and-midwives/Advice-by-topic/A/Advice/Accountability/[Date Accessed 11/04/2011]. McCormack B, Manley K and Garbett R (2004) Practice Development in Nursing, Blackwell Publishing, Oxford. Atkinson L Murray E, (1995), Clinical guide to care planning, McGraw, Oxford. NMC (2002), The NMC code of professional conduct, Nursing and Midwifery Council Publications